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The Gulen Movement: Civic Service without Borders

by Muhammed Cetin

The Gulen Movement: Civic Service without Borders This book seeks to develop an approp

Paperback: : May 16, 2010 • 371 Pages • 16 x 22,5 • ISBN 9781935295082
Hardcover: : 9781935295082
Categories: : Current Affairs, Backlist, Fethullah Gulen,

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DESCRIPTION

This book seeks to develop an appropriate discourse for studying the Gulen Movement and phenomena like it. The established discourse concerns itself with social movements as "protest," as "challenge" to the System, as contentious actors looking to alter or even overturn existing structures and/or policies in some field, usually political or economic. Approaching the matter from social movement theory and taking an insider's perspective, the author argues that the Gulen Movement is, as it has always been, non-contentious' it is not a marginalized actor working on the System from the outside. On the contrary, it has always worked within the System - within the boundaries of the laws and public norms that obtain in the different local and national settings where it has set up institutions.

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cknowledgement	ix
Foreword	xi
Introduction	xv
0.1 Particular and general aims of this study	xv
0.2 Methodological questions	xvii
0.2.1 Insider/Outsider research and perspective	xix
0.2.2 Methodological consequences of the research	xx
0.2.3 Data collection and presentation	xxii
0.3 Present and future relevance	xxiv
0.4 Organization of the book	xxiv
0.5 The argument in brief	xxiv
0.6 The multi-polar approach	xxvi
1: Theoretical background: Collective Action
and Social Movements Theory	1
1.1 Introduction	1
1.2 Historical overview of collective action and social movements theory	1
1.2.1 The ‘classical’ approaches	2
1.2.2 The contemporary approaches	3
1.3 Conclusion	5
2: Historical Background	11
2.1 Introduction	11
2.2 Crises and conflicts; demands for modernization	12
2.2.1 The Republican era: one-party rule	12
2.2.2 Laicism	14
2.2.3 Cultural revolution	15
2.2.4 İnönü, ‘the National Chief’ and ‘Eternal Leader’	18
2.2.5 Democrats, 1950–1960	20
2.2.6 Military coup d’état	24
2.2.7 After the executions: 1961–1970	27
2.2.8 Military coup II	32
2.2.9 Collapse of public order	34
2.2.10 Military coup III	38
2.2.11 New ‘order’	39
2.2.12 The Özal years	41
2.2.13 President Özal	44
2.2.14 Political Islam?	47
2.2.15 ‘Post-modern’ military coup	48
2.2.16 Crash and corruption	50
2.2.17 The return of Ecevit	53
2.2 Implications of the historical background	54
2.3 Conclusion	60
3: Mobilization and Counter-mobilization	63
3.1 Introduction	63
3.2 The Gülen Movement	64
3.2.1 Cultural mobilization: public space and making new issues visible	64
3.2.2 Cultural and symbolic production	69
3.2.3 Information and media	74
3.2.4 Social mobility and professionalism	81
3.2.5 Reflexivity or symbolic potential	85
3.2.6 Transnational projects and recognition	90
3.2.7 Altruistic action and its symbolic challenge	94
3.2.8 The February 28 process and its aftermath	95
3.2.9 (Re)defining democracy	102
3.2.10 Induced resolution	111
3.2.11 Success of the Movement	111
3.3 Conclusion	113
4: Conjunctural Factors	119
4.1 Conceptualizing the Gülen Movement (GM)	119
4.1.1 Is the GM a civil society initiative?	119
4.1.2 Is the GM a reaction to a crisis and/or an expression of a conflict?	122
4.1.3 Is the GM a sect or cult?	134
4.1.4 Is the GM a political movement?	149
4.1.5 Is the GM altruistic collective action and voluntary philanthropic
service-projects?	165
4.2 Conclusion	175
5: Internal Organizational Factors and Components	181
5.1 Introduction	181
5.2 The case of the Gülen Movement	182
5.2.1 Identity, participation and relationship	182
5.2.2 Goals	201
5.2.3 Intervention, power and authority	208
5.2.4 SMOs and commitment	214
5.2.5 Leadership	221
5.2.6 Incentives and rewards	230
5.2.7 Factionalism	235
5.3 Conclusion	240
6: Summary and Conclusions	247
6.1 Defining the Gülen Movement	247
6.1.1 On social movements generally	247
6.1.2 The Gülen Movement as cultural actor	251
6.1.3 The Gülen Movement as civil society actor	260
6.1.4 Internal factors in the Gülen Movement	270
6.2 Implications for social movements theory	283
Appendices	289
Special Usages	295
Notes	299
Bibliography	327
Index	363

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ABOUT AUTHOR

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Muhammed Cetin

Muhammed Cetin (Cetin) is a sociologist who has taught at a number of universities in the US. While in the US he worked on a voluntary basis as President of the Institute of Interfaith Dialog, USA. He wrote a weekly column for the international daily Today’s Zaman until he was elected to Parliament in Turkey for the AK Party. He was the Deputy Chairman of the Foreign Affairs committee of the Turkish Parliament and a member of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.

He served from 2011 until the end of 2013, when he resigned from the party in protest at the actions of the Prime Minister, but continued to serve as an independent.

He is the author of The Gulen Movement: Civic service without borders (2010) and Hizmet: Questions and Answers on the Gulen Movement (2012), both published by Blue Dome Press, New York.